Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Kyung Ja Cho

67 Articles

Chondroblastoma of the Lumbar Spine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.: Sun A Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Yong Koo Park, Jong Seok Lee, Heon Ju Kwon, Hyewon Chung, Mi Jung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(5):532-536.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.5.532

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We report a case of chondroblastoma arising in the lumbar spine in a 25-year-old man who presented with low back pain of 5 years duration. Plain radiography and computed tomography revealed a well-defined osteolytic mass surrounded by marginal sclerosis in the third lumbar vertebra. The mass encroached on the left neural foramen on magnetic resonance imaging. Histologically, the tumor consisted of round to oval cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and randomly scattered osteoclastic type giant cells. There were characteristic chicken-wire calcification and aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes. Chondroblastomas of the lumbar spine are extremely rare, and only nine cases have been reported. Spinal chondroblastoma should be distinguished from other benign bone tumors, because it tends to show aggressive biological behavior with high recurrence and mortality rates.

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Chondroblastoma of Thoracic Vertebrae: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Alireza Tabibkhooei, Parisa Javadnia
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 15(S1): 22. CrossRef
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors in axial chondroblastomas: a retrospective analysis of 61 cases and comparison with extra-axial chondroblastomas
Bo-Wen Zheng, Bo-Yv Zheng, Hua-Qing Niu, Ming-Xiang Zou, Hai-Lin Wu, Ming Wang, Xue-Lin Li
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Commentary on Letter to the Editor concerning “Management of cranial chondroblastoma in adults; a pooled analysis” by Amr Muhammed et al.
Amr Muhammed
American Journal of Otolaryngology.2021; 42(1): 102749. CrossRef
Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Chondroblastoma and Their Association with Response to Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Bo-Wen Zheng, Min-Liang Yang, Wei Huang, Bo-Yv Zheng, Tao-Lan Zhang, Jing Li, Guo-Hua Lv, Yi-Guo Yan, Ming-Xiang Zou
Journal of Inflammation Research.2021; Volume 14: 1991. CrossRef
Sacral chondroblastoma — a rare location, a rare pathology: A case report and review of literature
Bo-Wen Zheng, Hua-Qing Niu, Xiao-Bin Wang, Jing Li
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(20): 5709. CrossRef
Intraoperative crush smear cytology of vertebral chondroblastoma: A diagnostic challenge
Shilpa P. Tathe, Sanjay N. Parate, Kirti N. Jaiswal, Archana A. Randale
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2018; 46(1): 79. CrossRef
Clinical features, treatments and long-term follow-up outcomes of spinal chondroblastoma: report of 13 clinical cases in a single center
Qi Jia, Chao Liu, Jian Yang, Yong Ji, Haifeng Wei, Tielong Liu, Xinghai Yang, Cheng Yang, Jianru Xiao
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2018; 140(1): 99. CrossRef
Chondroblastoma of the thoracic spine: a rare location. Case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation
A. Venkatasamy, M. P. Chenard, G. Massard, J.-P. Steib, G. Bierry
Skeletal Radiology.2017; 46(3): 367. CrossRef

Intracranial Fibromatosis: A Case Report.: Jeong Ju Lee, Jeoung Hun Kim, Shin Kwang Khang, Kyung Ja Cho, Jihun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S89-S92.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S89

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Abstract PDF

Fibromatosis can occur at various sites, but intracranial fibromatosis is exceptionally rare. Here, we report a case of intracranial fibromatosis arising in the suprasellar area of a 52-year-old woman who had undergone a surgery at that site. A computed tomography scan revealed a heavily calcified, highly enhancing, poorly demarcated mass in the left sellar area that extended into the left suprasellar, parasellar areas, and orbital apex and completely encased the left distal inferior cerebral artery. Histologic and immunohistochemical features were compatible with those of fibromatosis, although the cellularity was focally higher than usual. The etiology of extra-abdominal fibromatosis is unknown, but physical injuries such as trauma and irradiation have been reported to be associated with its occurrence. Although fibromatosis is rare in the intracranial area, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis when an intracranial mass occurs at a previously injured site.

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Infantile Intracranial Aggressive Fibromatosis: Report of Two Cases with a Review of the Literature
Baocheng Wang, Jie Ma, Huiming Jin
Pediatric Neurosurgery.2012; 48(3): 181. CrossRef

IgG4-Related Sclerosing Sialadenitis: Report of Three Cases.: Ji Seon Bae, Joo Young Kim, Sang Hak Han, Seung Ho Choi, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S36-S40.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S36

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Abstract PDF

Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, Mikulicz disease or Kuttner tumor has been recently recognized as a spectrum of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. IgG4-related disease is characterized by a high serum IgG4 level and tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive plasmacytes. We report three cases of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis with variably associated systemic involvement. All patients presented with a submandibular mass or swelling, and all the resected submandibular glands showed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, lymphoid follicles, and septal fibrosis. Two of the specimens revealed numerous IgG-positive plasma cells, most of which were IgG4-positive on immunohistochemical staining. One of them was associated with dacryoadenitis and hypophysitis. The other patient had ureterorenal lesions. Immunohistochemical study was unavailable in remaining one case, but the histologic features along with elevated IgG level and associated pancreatitis supported the diagnosis. All patients received steroid therapy postoperatively and are doing well. Salivary gland involvement in IgG4-related fibrosclerosis should be recognized in systemic medical pathology.

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A Case of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Sialadenitis and Dacryoadenitis
Kyoung Kyu Lee, Hun Po Cho, Young Min Lee, Jun Ho Park
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(7): 444. CrossRef

Dedifferentiated Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of the Masticator Space: A Case Report.: Geunyoung Jung, Kyung Ja Cho, Seung Ho Choi, Mi Jung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S101-S105.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S101

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Abstract PDF

We describe a 69-year-old woman who presented with a dedifferentiated extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma arising in the left masticator space. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 5 cm sized mass in the left masticator space. Histologically, the tumor consisted of two distinct areas. The less cellular area was a low-grade extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, composed of strands or cords of uniform spindle cells and abundant myxoid stroma. The more cellular, dedifferentiated area corresponded to a high grade myxofibrosarcoma, consisting of anaplastic tumor cells in myxoid stroma and geographic necrosis. The tumor cells of the former area were positive for S-100 protein, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and class III beta-tubulin, but negative for cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin, and desmin. The tumor cells in the latter, pleomorphic area showed MAP-2 and beta-tubulin immunoreactivity with a high Ki-67 labeling index. Based on its histologic and immunohistochemical features, the tumor was considered a dedifferentiated extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.

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Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the parotid gland
NyimiBushabu Fidele, Wu Tianfu, Bing Liu, Yanfang Sun, Zhao Yifang
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery.2019; 9(2): 439. CrossRef
Myxoid chondrosarcoma of maxilla: A rare case report
Hiralal Ash, Ajoy Kumar Shahi, Kabita Chatterjee, Dipankar Samaddar
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2016; 28(3): 273. CrossRef
Maxillo-facial Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report and Discussion
Ratnadeep Ganguly, Abhishek Mukherjee
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(6): 639. CrossRef

Oncocytoma and Oncocytic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands, Single Institute Experience.: Jeong Hyeon Jo, Seung Ho Choi, Jong Lyel Roh, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):370-375.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.370

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Oncocytic neoplasms of the salivary glands are rare and the differential diagnosis between oncocytic carcinomas (OCs) and oncocytomas is difficult. We present 5 cases of oncocytoma and 3 cases of OC of the salivary glands with clinicopathological and immunohistochemical comparisons.
METHODS
Eight cases of oncocytic neoplasms diagnosed at Asan Medical Center between 1998 and 2009 were reviewed for clinical data and histological features. Immunohistochemical staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2), c-kit, p53, and Ki-67 was done.
RESULTS
Cytological differences between oncocytomas and OCs were not obvious, but unequivocal infiltrative growths were identified in 3 cases, rendering the diagnosis of oncocytic carcinoma. When the remaining cases were classified as oncocytomas, there was no difference in age, size, and clinical symptoms between oncocytomas and OCs. Two of 3 OCs showed strong membranous expression of c-kit, but all oncocytomas were negative. The proportion of p53-positive cells was larger in OCs than oncocytomas. Her-2 or EGFR expression was absent, and Ki-67 labeling indices were less than 1% in all cases.
CONCLUSIONS
An infiltrative growth pattern, strong membranous expression of c-kit, and an increased proportion of p53-positive cells are features that can differentiate OCs from oncocytomas of the salivary glands.

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Primary oncocytic carcinoma of ectopic salivary gland: a unique case
E. Touli, A. Manganaris, C. Nikolaidou, I. Karasmanis
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2022; 51(4): 463. CrossRef

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney: A Report of Two Cases with Review of Literature.: Sun A Kim, Jung Eun Hwang, Jae Y Ro, Kyung Ja Cho, Cheryn Song, Mi Jung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):420-425.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.420

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Abstract PDF

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm usually occurring in the pleura. Kidney is one of the rarest sites for SFT. We report here on two cases of renal SFT found in 30-year-old and 33-year-old men with review of the literatures. Both cases manifested as well-enhanced solid masses in kidney and radical nephrectomies were done. The tumors consisted of bland-looking spindle cells arranged in short, ill-defined fascicles and storiform pattern with characteristic hemangiopericytoma-like blood vessels. The tumor cells were strongly positive for CD34 and CD99, focally positive for bcl-2, and negative for cytokeratin and human melanoma black-45 on immunohistochemical stainings. Possibility of SFT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass which consists of benign-looking spindle cells and hemangiopericytomatous blood vessels. Immunohistochemical staining for CD34 is essential to confirm the renal solitary fibrous tumor.

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Solitary fibrous tumor located in the sella turcica: A report of two cases and review of the literature
XIAO YANG, QINGJUN JIANG, BINGBING YU
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(1): 354. CrossRef
Pediatric Renal Solitary Fibrous Tumor
William W. Wu, Julia T. Chu, Stephen G. Romansky, Lisa Shane
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2015; 23(1): 34. CrossRef

Glomus Tumor of the Sinonasal Tract: Two Case Reports and a Review of Literature.: Young Wha Koh, Bong Jae Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):326-329.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.326

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Abstract PDF

Herein we describe two cases of nasal glomus tumor. Histological findings were typical, save for one which was quite large (3.1 cm in its greatest dimension) with an invasive growth pattern and increased ki-67 labeling index (up to 10%). These features raised a red flag of similarity to a recently described "invasive glomus tumor of nasal cavity", suggesting a more aggressive form of glomus tumor. However, objective criteria for this possibility is lacking at present and more similar case studies are needed to establish a truly aggressive form of glomus tumor.

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Nasal Septum Glomus Tumor: A Rare Cause of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction
Adamantios Kilmpasanis, Zoi Apazidi-Kesoglou, Alexandros Poutoglidis, Sotiria Sotiroudi, Konstantinos Vlachtsis, Nikolaos Tsetsos
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2023; 102(6): 402. CrossRef
An Atypical Lesion in the Nasal Cavity: Glomus Tumor
Erbil Arık, Yasemin Gunduz, Gozde Cakirsoy Cakar, Halil Elden
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2023; : 014556132311588. CrossRef
A case of malignant glomus tumor (glomangiosarcoma) of the nasal cavity
Omar A Alhroub, Shimaa A Mahameed, Mohammad O Abdelhafez, Asil Alhroub, Hani Hour, Nabil Hasasna, Nazmi Kamal
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ethmoid glomangioma and oncogenic osteomalacia: a case report
Camila R. Muniz, Gabriela A. M. Bezerra, Viviane C. da Silva, Priscilla M. F. Aguiar, Gunter Gerson, Catarina B. D’Alva, André A. A. Nunes
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Large Glomus Tumor of The Lateral Nasal Wall : A Case Report
Bon Min Koo, Jong In Jeong, Dong Eun Kim
Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.2019; 30(2): 243. CrossRef
Characteristics and prognosis of glomangiopericytomas: A systematic review
Eun Su Park, Jiyoung Kim, Sun-Young Jun
Head & Neck.2017; 39(9): 1897. CrossRef
Malignant Glomus Tumour (Glomangiosarcoma) with Additional Neuroendocrine Differentiation in a Horse
M. Peters, J. Grafen, C. Kuhnen, P. Wohlsein
Journal of Comparative Pathology.2016; 154(4): 309. CrossRef
A Case of Glomangioma of the Nasal Septum
Do Hun Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(9): 603. CrossRef

Metastatic Carcinomas to the Sinonasal Tract.: Eun Ju Kim, Bong Jae Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):302-307.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.302

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Metastases to the sinonasal tract are rare but occur for many malignancies. The demographics of sinonasal metastases in Korea aren't well known.
METHODS
Nine cases of metastases to the sinonasal tract identified at Asan Medical Center from January, 1995 to December, 2007 were reviewed.
RESULTS
Metastatic carcinomas accounted for 2.4% of sinonasal malignancies and 4.7% of carcinomas. Six kinds of cancer metastasized to the sinonasal tract. They included hepatocellular carcinomas (nasal cavity and maxillary sinus), colonic adenocarcinomas (sphenoid sinus and maxillary sinus), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nasal cavity), pulmonary small cell carcinoma (nasal cavity), follicular carcinoma of thyroid (sphenoid sinus), and breast ductal carcinoma (maxillary sinus). Primary sites had been known in 7 cases, but follicular carcinoma and one adenocarcinoma were diagnosed after sinus metastases. Histologically, they had ill-defined borders and involved both mucosae and bones. Microscopic findings were not different from those for the primary tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of sinonasal metastases in Korea are different from western data regarding incidence, site, and type, with hepatocellular carcinoma and the nasal cavity being the most common type and site, respectively. Awareness of the possibility of metastases and their pattern is encouraged when examining sinonasal tumors.

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Metastatic Carcinomas to the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
Su-Jin Shin, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim, Sung Bae Kim, Sang-wook Lee, Kyung-Ja Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(3): 266. CrossRef

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract.: Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):1-8.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.1

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Abstract PDF

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), usually occurring in the larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx and esophagus. BSCCs have been reported from various geographic areas, but esophageal BSCCs are more prevalent in Asia. The morphology of BSCC is quite characteristic, but BSCC occasionally needs to be differentiated from neuroendocrine carcinoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma. Human papillomavirus16-associated oropharyngeal SCC with poorly differentiated or basaloid features has recently been recognized as a new clinical entity with a different etiology and prognosis. Nonoropharyngeal BSCC appears to share etiologic factors, genetic alterations and an immunoprofile with conventional SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract. However, the divergent differentiation of BSCC into various non-basaloid, epithelial or mesenchymal elements suggests the participation of more mulipotential cells than in SCC. The biologic behavior of BSCC has been reported to be worse than or equal to that of SCC, yet the data including the increasing numbers of human papillomavirus-associated cases now require reanalysis. It is presently uncertain whether BSCC is a histogenetically or clinically unique disease entity.

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Liver metastatic basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with negative expression of pancytokeratin: a case report and literature review
Linxiu Liu, Xuemin Xue, Liyan Xue
Diagnostic Pathology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
A Case of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Rectosigmoid Colon
Tae Hwan Ha, Tae Joo Jeon, Ji Young Park, Yong Ho Jang, Deok Hee Kim, Mi Jin Ryu, Dong Hyun Sinn, Tae Hoon Oh
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 62(6): 375. CrossRef

New Systems for the Korean Journal of Pathology.: Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):4-4.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.4

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fibrovascular Polyp of the Hypopharynx: A Case Report.: Sunhee Chang, Sang Hwa Shim, Ji Eun Kwak, Mee Joo, Hanseong Kim, Bum Jo Jung, Joong Wook Shin, See Young Park, Kyung Ja Cho, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(4):226-228.

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Abstract PDF: We report here on a case of fibrovascular polyp arising in the hypopharynx of a 62-year-old man. Laryngomicroscopic surgery with laser ablation was performed to excise the mass. Histopathologically, the surface of the polyp was covered with mature squamous epithelium. The polyp showed a characteristic lobular proliferation of mature adipose tissue that was separated by myxoid or collagenous connective tissue. Some scattered skeletal muscle bundles were seen in the central portions of the polyp and these bundles were surrounded by a concentric proliferation of the spindle cells; this was reminiscent of Pacinian corpuscles. Regarding their location and the intermingled pattern of proliferating tissues, it is more plausible that the skeletal muscle is a hamartomatous component rather than entrapped, preexisting tissue.

The Korean Journal of Pathology is Selected for Coverage in Science Citation Index Expanded and Journal Citation Reports by Thomson Reuters.: Jeong Wook Seo, Kyung Ja Cho, Han Kyeom Kim, Dae Young Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(3):131-133.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Adenocarcinoma Arising from Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Cervical Esophagus: A Case Report.: Young Ok Hong, Jeong Eun Hwang, In Chul Lee, Jin Hyuk Lee, Seung Il Park, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):33-36.

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Abstract PDF: Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) of the upper esophagus, referred as "cervical inlet patch (CIP)", is a benign lesion that is present in 3.8-10% of the adult population. Adenocarcinomas arising from HGM of the upper esophagus are exceedingly rare. The authors report one additional case of histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma arising from a CIP. The patient had concomitant primary adenocarcinoma of the colon. The right hemicolectomy specimen and total esophagectomy specimen after preoperative chemoradiotherapy showed histologically different adenocarcinomas. The residual esophageal tumor was characterized by large mucin pools, fibrous septa, and floating tumor cells. HGM of both the fundic and antral types was seen on the surface and sides of the tumor. The independent origins of the two cancers were confirmed by immunohistochemical studies for cytokeratins 7 and 20. Without further treatment, the patient remained free of disease after 29 months of follow-up.

Second Opinion Diagnoses of Cytologic Specimens on Consultation : Asan Medical Center Experience.: Sohyung Park, Jae Y Ro, Kyung Ja Cho, Gyungyub Gong, Yong Mee Cho, Shin Kwang Khang; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):99-106.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.99

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Second opinion diagnosis of outside pathology slides is a common practice for efficient and proper patient management. We analyzed cytology slides from outside hospitals submitted for a second opinion diagnosis to determine whether the second opinion diagnosis had any influence on patient care.
METHODS
We reviewed 1,153 outside cytology slides referred to Asan Medical Center for second opinions from January, 2007, to December, 2007. All cases were categorized into three groups; no diagnostic discrepancy, minor diagnostic discrepancies (no impact on the management), and major diagnostic discrepancies (significant impact on the management and subsequent follow-up).
RESULTS
The thyroid was the most common organ system (933 cases, 80.9%). Forty cases (3.6%) belonged to the major diagnostic discrepancy group and 149 cases (12.8%) to the minor discrepancy group. For validation of second opinion diagnoses in major discrepancy cases, subsequent biopsy or surgical resection specimens and clinical information were reviewed, which were available in 29 cases. The second opinion diagnoses resulted in alteration of clinical management in 21 of 29 cases.
CONCLUSION
For all referred patients, second opinion diagnosis is important and mandatory for appropriate patient care.

Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma: A Clinicopathologic Study of 8 Cases and Comparison with Craniofacial Fibro-osseous Lesions.: Sohyung Park, Bong Jae Lee, Jeong Hyun Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(6):373-379.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is defined as a variant of the ossifying fibroma, and the latter includes juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF) and juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF). JOF can be distinguished from other craniofacial fibroosseous lesions by its tendency to recur and its clinical mimicry of malignant bone tumors, but some clinical and histological features of JOF overlap with the other fibro-osseous lesions as well. We aimed to identify the clinicopathologic definition of JOF.
METHODS
Forty-two cases of fibro-osseous lesions were reviewed and they were classified into JOF, fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF).
RESULTS
JTOF had long, slender and anastomosing trabeculae of osteoid in a fibrocellular stroma, and JPOF had small ossicles resembling psammoma bodies with a thick collagenous rim in the fibrous stroma, which are features that differ from those of FD and OF. Radiologically, JOF and OF showed a well-defined lesion but FD exhibited an ill-defined lesion. Clinically, the average age of the JOF patients was the youngest, followed by OF and FD. For JOF, three cases had rapid growth and two others showed recurrences. JOF mainly occurred in the paranasal sinuses, OF in the mandible and FD in any craniofacial bone.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated the distinct characteristics of JOF and these features may be helpful for the diagnosis and management of this malady.

Giant Fibrovascular Polyp of the Esophagus: A Case Report.: Ilseon Hwang, Jong lyel Roh, Young Hee Kim, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(6):409-411.

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Abstract PDF: Giant fibrovascular polyps are very rare benign esophageal lesions arising in the cervical esophagus. We present a case of a 70-year old man with a history of dysphagia. On esophagogram and computed tomogram, a large, sausage-like polyp (7.0 cm in greatest dimension) was identified in the cervical esophagus. Surgical resection of the polyp was successfully performed. Histologically, the polyp was composed of a mixture of highly vascularized fibrous tissue and benign adipose tissue. The fibrous tissue was loosely and densely collagenized and the surface was covered by squamous epithelium. The lesion was diagnosed as a giant fibrovascular polyp and the patient has shown no evidence of recurrence for 8 months after surgery.

Granular Cell Tumors of the Larynx: Report of Three Cases.: Ilseon Hwang, Jeong Eun Hwang, Seung Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(4):284-287.

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Abstract PDF: Granular cell tumors are rare and usually benign neoplasms that can occur in various parts of the body. We recently encountered three cases of granular cell tumor of the larynx; here, we present their clinicopathologic features, along with a review of reported Korean cases.

Primary Mucosal Desmoplastic Melanoma of Gingiva: A Case Report.: Gawon Choi, Jeong Won Kim, Soon Yuhl Nam, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(6):456-460.

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Abstract PDF: Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare malignant melanoma variant. Although DM mainly affects the skin chronically exposed to the sun, a small number of mucosal DM have been reported. Primary mucosal DM is difficult to diagnose because of its rarity and atypical histopathologic features. Here, we report a case of DM in a 52 year-old female who presented with a right cervical mass and upper gingival pigmentation. A CT scan revealed an ill-defined infiltrative mass 2 cm in size under the pigmented mucosa. She subsequently underwent a partial maxillectomy with neck dissection. Gross examination revealed that the mass exhibited a grayish white fibrotic cut surface and that the maxillary bone had been destroyed. Microscopically, the main mass was composed of cigar-shaped or wavy spindle cells with desmoplastic stroma under the melanoma in situ. The diagnosis of DM was confirmed immunohistochemically with S100 protein positivity and HMB45 negativity. The patient has survived for 29 months after the operation with a presumed metastatic focus.

Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Case Report.: Kyungeun Kim, Jong Seok Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(5):377-380.

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Abstract PDF: We report on a case of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma located deep in subcutaneous tissue of the left shoulder in an 11-year-old boy. An ovoid firm mass was slowly increasing in size for 5 months without any pain or tenderness. The tumor was grossly multicystic, with dense fibrous capsule and it measured 7.5 x 7.5 x 4.0 cm. The locules contained hemorrhagic fluid, and the inner surface was purplish brown and trabecular. The septal solid areas were cellular, and they consisted of histiocytoid spindle cells that were arranged in a storiform or fascicular pattern. The tumor cells showed immuno-positivity for CD99, CD68 and desmin. These findings were compatible with angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of an uncommon location.

Sinonasal Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma: Report of Three Cases with the Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings.: Joon Seon Song, Shin Kwang Khang, Jooryung Huh, Bong Jae Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):235-240.

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Abstract PDF: Low-grade adenocarcinomas that primarily arise within the sinonasal tract are uncommon tumors. We report here on three cases of primary sinonasal low-grade adenocarcinomas. The patients were 2 females and 1 male with ages of 48, 57 and 64, respectively. Microscopically, the tumors had a well developed tubulopapillary growth pattern that consisted of columnar or pseudostratified cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei and rare mitotic activity. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin 7, but they were negative for cytokeratin 20, CDX-2 and p53. The Ki-67 labeling index was very low (mean: 1.9%). Two patients developed recurrent tumors at the primary site after the initial surgery, but all the patients are presently alive without metastasis 6 years 8 months, 8 years 8 months, and 11 months after the initial diagnosis. When considering the progress of these tumors, we think that it's important to understand the pathology of this entity to avoid underdiagnosis because a complete excision is required for effective treatment.

Epithelioid Myofibroblastoma of Mammary-type in Chest Wall: A Case Report.: Hyun Jung Kim, Hunkyung Lee, Ok Jun Lee, Kyung Ja Cho, Jae Y Ro; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(2):130-133.

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Abstract PDF: Mammary-type myofibroblastoma of the soft tissue is a benign mesenchymal tumor, and it is a recently established clinical entity. We report a case of myofibroblastoma of the chest wall with a prominent epithelioid feature, that occurred in a 12-year old female. Although the lesion occurred in the breast area, there was no breast parenchyma in or around the mass, which favored soft tissue of the chest wall origin. The tumor was immunohistochemically identical to the mammary-type myofibroblastoma with diffuse and strong positivity against CD34 and desmin. The myoepithelial differentiation of the tumor was further supported by the electron microscopic analysis. This case indicates that mammary-type myofibroblastoma can occur in a young girl. The mammary-type myofibroblastoma should be considered a differential diagnosis, among epithelioid soft tissue neoplasms in the chest wall when the proper immunohistochemical work-up is done.

Cytologic Diagnosis of Basaloid Neoplasms of Salivary Gland.: Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(2):67-74.

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Abstract PDF: Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become one of the primary tools for diagnosing salivary gland lesions, some of these methods continue to confuse pathologists. The most common problems occur so-called basaloid neoplasms. Basal cell adenomas are frequently misdiagnosed as pleomorphic adenomas, and in worse cases, as adenoid cystic carcinomas. The cytologic diagnostic accuracy of basaloid neoplasms could be increased by a better understanding of the histology and the nature of the tumor cells. These are displayed well in aspiration smears. A consideration of differential points on the basis of the epithelial-stromal relationship is offered in this paper.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report.: Ok Jun Lee, David Y Pi, Daniel H Jo, Kyung Ja Cho, Sang Yoon Kim, Jae Y Ro; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(4):276-279.

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Abstract PDF: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) typically presents during the early or mid-adult life, and the most common site of origin is the skin on the trunk and proximal extremities. DFSP of the parotid gland is extremely rare and only one case has been reported in the literature. We present here a case of a 30-year-old woman with DFSP occurring in the parotid gland, and we discuss the differential diagnosis. The patient is alive and doing well one year after her operation.

Second Opinion Diagnostic Discrepancy in Surgical Pathology: Asan Medical Center Experience.: Young Min Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Sun Young Jun, Mi Sun Choe, Shin Kwang Khang, Jae Y Ro; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(5):301-306.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Review of the outside pathology material is an important practice that provides useful information on patient managements and improves the diagnostic quality in surgical pathology. We report our experience with the frequency and types of diagnostic discrepancies in patients referred to the Asan Medical Center for treatment or a second opinion.
METHODS
All referral pathology diagnoses (867 surgical cases) made from October 2001 to July 2002 at Asan Medical Center were compared with outside pathology diagnoses.
RESULTS
Of the 867 surgical cases reviewed, 231 (26.7%) cases had a diagnostic discrepancy, which included 49 (5.7%) major and 182 (21.0%) minor discrepancies. The contents of the major discrepancies were a change in the diagnosis (34 cases), a change in the type of malignancy including small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (10), a diagnosis of a metastasis as the primary lesion (4), and errors in interpreting the invasiveness (1). The causes or reasons for the major discrepancy were a difference in interpretation (81.6%), the availability of special studies (10.2%), a failure to identify the lesions (4.1%), and a lack of clinical information (4.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The major discrepancy rate (5.7%) was comparable to that of the other reports from western countries. Among the major discrepancies, a change in diagnosis was most commonly observed and difference in interpretation was the most common reason. A routine review of all the patients pathology material is recommended for all referral patients for an improvement in the pathologic diagnoses and to provide better medical care.

Endolymphatic Sac Tumor: A Case Report.: Dae Woon Eom, Jae Y Ro, Shin Kwang Khang, Chang Jin Kim, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(5):351-354.

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Abstract PDF: Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a very rare adenomatous tumor of the temporal bone histologically characterized by a typical papillary pattern. This tumor often shows a locally aggressive growth and recurrence despite its relatively benign histology. We report a case of endolymphatic sac tumor of the right jugular foramen in a 50 year-old male. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of uniform cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells arranged in an arborizing papillary pattern. Under immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, CD56, epithelial membrane antigen, neuron specific enolase, and vimentin.
Discussion
on the classification and histogenesis of adenomatous tumors of the middle ear and temporal bone has been active in western countries during the recent decades; however, these tumors have been very unusual in Korea. This is the second report of ELST in Korea, and consists of a discussion on related problems.

Primary Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Retroperitoneum: A Report of Three Cases.: Dong Eun Song, Mi Jung Kim, Shin Kwang Shin, Eunsil Yu, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(3):204-209.

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Abstract PDF: Primary mucinous cystic neoplasms of the retroperitoneum in women are rare and show histologic features similar to their ovarian or pancreatic counterparts. We present three cases of primary retroperitoneal mucinous neoplasms of variable malignant potentials including a cystadenocarcinoma in a 50-year-old woman, a cystic neoplasm of borderline malignancy in a 31-year-old woman, and a cystadenoma in a 67-year-old woman. All cases showed histologic features similar to mucinous tumors of the ovary. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated positivity for calretinin in case 3. The histogenesis of these neoplasms can be assumed most likely to be mucinous metaplasia of the mesothelium or undetected heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Appropriate management is thought to be the same as for analogous ovarian neoplasms.

Primary Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney: Report of Two Cases.: Hyun Lyoung Koo, Sun Young Jun, Gene Choi, Jae Y Ro, Hanjong Ahn, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):145-149.

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Abstract PDF: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a small round cell neoplasm that mainly develops in the central nervous system and soft tissue of children. Primary occurrence in the kidney is rare and the identification of immunopositivity for CD99 and t(11;22)(q24;q12) is essential in differential diagnoses. We report two cases of PNET developed in a 21-year-old woman and a 44-year-old man. Resected tumors were composed of sheets of round or ovoid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and minimal eosinophilic cytoplasm. Rosette formations, more prominent in the first case, were observed. The tumor cells of both cases were diffusely positive for CD99, vimentin, and neuron specific enolase, while they were negative for cytokeratin, desmin, and chromogranin. Synaptophysin was focally expressed only in the first case. The EWS-FLI1 chimeric gene was identified by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the first case. The first patient is alive with a recurrent tumor two years after the diagnosis, and has received combination chemotherapy. The second patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis nineteen months after the diagnosis.

Splenic Lymphangioma: A Report of Three Cases.: Mi Jung Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Eun Mi Han, Young Joo Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(6):416-419.

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Abstract PDF: Splenic lymphangioma is a very rare and benign neoplasm. We report three cases of splenic lymphangiomas found in three women aged 71-years-old, 50-years-old, and 46-years-old. All of the three cases consisted of solitary lesions in the spleen and they were not represented as a part of lymphangiomatosis. Splenectomies were done in all cases and enlarged spleens revealed multicystic masses with variable-sized cysts. Histologically, the cysts were lined by flat endothelial cells and filled with acellular pinkish fluid. The cyst walls mainly consisted of hypocellular fibrous tissue with occasional smooth muscle components. The walls were shared by neighboring cysts, or intervened by interspersed splenic parenchymal components. On immunohistochemical stainings, the lining cells were diffusely positive for CD31 and factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg), while focally positive for CD34 in all cases.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Features of Follicular Lymphoma.: Jin Haeng Chung, Hwa Jeong Ha, Sun Hoo Park, Jae Soo Koh, Min Suk Kim, Seung Sook Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Cytopathol. 2002;13(2):60-65.

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Abstract PDF: The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma was investigated by a review of 13 FNAC specimens from 10 patients. All patients included in this study were confirmed by surgical biopsy preceded by FNAC. Three aspirates were unsatisfactory because of scanty cellularity. Among the remaining 10 cases, 5(50%) were diagnosed as lymphoma, 3(30%) as reactive hyperplasia, one(10%) as metastatic small cell carcinoma, and one(10%) as granulomatous inflammation. Cytologic distinction between follicular lymphoma and reactive hyperplasia is very difficult with cytomorphology alone. Compared to reactive hyperplasia, the characteristic cytologic features such as relatively homogeneous cellular constituent, paucity of tingible body macrophages and lymphohistiocytic aggregates, and less mitotic activity in follicular lymphoma are important findings to prevent false negative diagnosis. In addition, lymphoglandular bodies are useful in distinguishing malignant epithelial tumor from lymphoid lesion.

A Comparision of AutoCyte PREP with Matched Conventional Smear in Cervicovaginal Cytology.: Jaejung Jang, Jungsun Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Shin Kwang Khang, Joo Hyun Nam, Gyungyub Gong; Korean J Cytopathol. 2002;13(1):8-13.

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Abstract PDF: This study was designed to compare the performance of liquid-based preparation from the AutoCyte PREP with the conventional cervicovaginal smear in masked split-samples. In randomly selected 840 cases, the conventional smear was always prepared first, and the AutoCyte PREP used the residual cells on the collecting device. Parallel AutoCyte PREP slides and matched conventional smears were screened in a blind fashion. All abnormals and 10% random normal cases were reviewed by two pathologists in a blind fashion. The Bethesda System was used for reporting the diagnosis and specimen adequacy. The diagnoses from the two methods were agreed exactly in 767(91.3%) of 840 cases. The AutoCyte PREP demonstrated a 25% overall improvement in the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL). The ratio of ASCUS to SIL was decreased as 0.45 compared with 1.00 of conventional smear. The AutoCyte PREP produced excellent cellular preservation and superior sensitivity for detection of atypical cells as compared to the conventional smear. It makes us to be able to subclassify ASCUS into from WNL to HSIL. We thought that the AutoCyte PREP method might contribute to increase the detection rate of abnormal cells than conventional methods.

Does the Colorectal Cancer Among Koreans Share the Same Pathological Features by Geographical Distribution: A Nationwide Survey of Surgically Resected 1,676 Cancers from 1,602 Patients.: Mee Soo Chang, Jin Hee Sohn, Dae Young Kang, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Myung Sook Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Jong Hee Nam, Woo Sung Moon, Sun Hoo Park, Cheol Jeun Park, Ro hyun Sung, Young Lyun Oh, Eun Sook Chang, Hee Kyung Chang, Mee Yon Cho, Kyung Ja Cho, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(1):14-19.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
This nationwide survey was undertaken to characterize the general pathological features of colorectal cancer in Korea, and especially to elucidate the geographical characteristics by means of their anatomical distribution.
METHODS
We analysed 1,676 colorectal cancers (from 1,602 patients) surgically resected in 1998 at 15 institutions from nine geographical sites in Korea.
RESULTS
The topographic incidence of colorectal cancer in seven out of the total nine geographical sites, was the highest in the rectum (32-54%); and those from Wonju and Cheongju were in the sigmoid colon (28% for both). The right colon cancer incidence was 42% in Wonju and 36% in Cheongju, while it was 17-22% in the other areas. The cecal cancer incidences in Wonju and in Taegu were 7% and 8%, respectively, but 0-4% in the other areas. As for histology, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most frequent (46-84%), except for in Wonju and Chonju, where the most predominant type was well differentiated (63% and 52%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The incidence of right colon cancer was higher in Wonju and Cheongju, than in the other geographical sites. The cecal predilection was prominent in Taegu and Wonju. The Elucidation of geographical differences in degree of differentiation for tubular adenocarcinoma seems to require further cumulative study with strict guidelines.

Intraductal Cystic Hypersecretory Carcinoma of the Breast: A case report.: Jin Haeng Chung, Seung Sook Lee, Jae Soo Koh, Kyung Ja Cho, Jong Inn Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(2):137-140.

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Abstract: The cystic hypersecretory duct carcinoma of the breast was first described in 1984 by Rosen and Scott and warrants separate discussion because of its unusual pathological features. It is morphologically distinguishable from juvenile (secretory) carcinoma and from mucinous (colloid) carcinoma or mucocele-like tumor. We present a case report of intraductal cystic hypersecretory carcinoma of the breast with hormone receptor and oncogene study. The histologic differential diagnosis, with an emphasis on benign lesions that may have a predominant cystic component, is also discussed.

Comparison of Qualified Diagnosis of "Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance" with Subsequent Biopsy .: Jae Soo Koh, Jin Haeng Chung, Seung Sook Lee, Kyung Ja Cho; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(1):1-5.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate whether different qualifications of a cytologic diagnosis of "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)" predict a greater or lesser likelihood of tissue diagnosis of uterine cervix, we compared different cytologic qualifications of ASCUS with the tissue diagnosis. One hundred twenty-two con secutive Papanicolaou smears showing ASCUS in women who had undergone cervical biopsy within nearest 30 days were collected. The 122 smears were qualified as "favor reactive"(25%), "favor low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)"(24%), "favor squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL)"(16%), "favor high grade squa mous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)"(16%), and "not otherwise specified"(19%). Squamous intraepithelial or invasive lesion was pathologically confirmed by cervical biopsy in 13% of the "favor reactive", 27% in "favor LSIL", 70% in "favor SIL", 75% in "favor HSIL", and 35% in "not otherwise specified" smears. There were significant asso ciations between the favor reactive smear and the benign biopsy finding and between the favor SIL smear and the biopsy showing a squamous intraepithelial or more severe lesion. Nevertheless, most of favor LSIL smears exhibit reactive process in tissue biopsy. Conclusively, qualified ASCUS stratifies women into different risk groups for SIL. The cytopathologist should make the cytologic diagnosis of "ASCUS, favor LSIL" circumspectly.

Cytologic Analysis of Adenocarcinoma of the Cervicovaginal Smears .: Jung Yeon Kim, Hye Jae Cho, Kyung Ja Cho, Hong Kyoon Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1998;9(2):147-154.

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Abstract PDF: We have investigated the cervicovaginal smears in order to define the cytologic features of uterine adenocarcinomas. Total 22 cases were reviewed(12 cases from the Sanggye Paik hospital, Inje university and 10 cases from the Korea Cancer Center Hospital) from January 1992 to December 1997. Five cases were endometrial adenocarcinomas and the remaining 17 cases were cervical adenocarcinomas. Se venteen cases of cervical adenocarcinomas were divided into endometrioid(6 cases), endocervical(7 cases), mixed endometrioid and endocervical(1 case), papillary (2 cases), and adenosquamous(1 case) carcinomas. The background of endocervical adenocarcinoma was hemorrhagic or inflammatory. The tumor diathesis was less prominent than that of the squamous cell carcinoma. The prominent features of the endocervical type adenocarcinomas were large and loose clusters, large intra cytoplasmic vacuoles, and prominent overlapping and peripheral palisading of nuclei. In contrast, the endometrioid adenocarcinomas showed small and compact clusters, and small intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The detection rate of endometrial adeno carcinoma was lower than that of the endocervical adenocarcinoma.

Cytologic Features of Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma .: Shin Kwang Khang, Seung Sook Lee, Kyung Ja Cho, Hwa Jeong Ha; Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(1):1-10.

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Abstract PDF: The fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) has become a popular method to diagnose mass lesions of the liver. Although many reports have listed FNAB criteria to be used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), a diagnostic dilemma still exists at the extreme ends of the spectrum, particularly for well differentiated HCC. The authors reviewed a series of FNAB specimens of the liver to distinguish well differentiated HCC from nonneoplastic liver. Fifteen cytologic features were examined in this study: high cellularity, large sheet formation, trabecular pattern, acinar pattern, dispersed pattern, irregular arrangement, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, naked nuclei, irregular chromatin, irregular nuclear contour, multinucleation, uniform macronucleoli, multiple nuclei, uniform small cytoplasm and monotony of atypia. These features were examined in a series of 76 FNAB specimens. Fifty two specimens were from patients with HCC and 24 specimens were from patients with nonneoplastic lesion or tumors other than HCC containg adequate amount of nonneoplastic hepatocytes in smear. All specimens were coded as to the presence or absence of the above cytologic features. With the use of stepwise logistic regression analysis, three features were identified as the key cytologic features predictive of HCC: irregular chromatin, monotony of atypia and absence of large sheet formation. When these criteria were used, the sensitivity diagnosing HCC by FNAB was 94.2%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value was 88.9%.

c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein Expression in Ductal Carcinoma in situ and Paget's Disease of the Breast.: Jung Yeon Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Seung Sook Lee, Shin Kwang Khang, Nam Sun Paik; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(11):972-980.

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Abstract PDF: A clinico-pathologic study with an immunohistochemical examination for c-erbB-2 expression in 54 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 16 cases of Paget's disease of the breast was performed. c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression was observed in 45% (24/54) and 88% (14/16) of ductal carcinoma in situ and Paget's disease, respectively. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was significantly correlated with the nuclear grade of tumors and inversely with the status of the estrogen receptor. c-erbB-2 was positive in 4 out of 5 patients with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes and 3 out of 4 patients who died of the disease. Prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in ductal carcinoma in situ was highly suggested. The expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in Paget's disease was well correlated with coexisting infiltrating or in situ ductal carcinoma. The high positive rate of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in ductal carcinoma with Paget's disease could be understood with a recent hypothesis that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein is involved in promotion of cell motility and the spread of carcinoma cells.

Aspiration Cytology of Epithelioid Sarcoma: A Case Report.: Kyung Ja Cho, Jung Youn Kim, Seung Sook Lee, Shin Kwang Khang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1996;7(1):84-87.

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Abstract PDF: Cytologic features of the fine needle aspiration of metastatic epithelioid sarcoma are presente. The patient was a 48 year-old male who had been sufferring from recurrent and metastatic tumors of the right upper extremity for 6 years. The aspirate from the axillary mass cytologically consisted of isolated large polygonal cells with abundant, cyanophilic, slightly granular cytoplasm. Eccentrically located large round nuclei showed finely dispersed chromatin, small nucleoli, occasional convolution and folding of nuclear membrane, and frequent binucleation. Although both histologic and cytologic similarity of epithelioid sarcoma to squamous cell carcinoma is well known, findings of cyanophilic granular cytoplasm, convoluted nuclei, and binucleation appeared to be the differential points.

Role of Cytologic Scoring System in Minimizing "Gray Zone" in Breast Aspiration Cytology.: Jung Yeon Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Seung Sook Lee, Shin Kwang Khang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1996;7(1):12-22.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration(FNA) has been quite successful in identifying benign and malignant breast lesions, but a "gray zone" exists. A total of 697 FNAs of breast were performed at Korea Cancer Center Hospital for a period of one year. One hundred and eleven of the 697 FNAs were diagnosed as atypical or suspicious for malignancy. Among them, we reviewed 74 FNAs, in which histologic diagnoses were made, and applied cytologic grading system proposed by masood et al.(1990) to evaluate the usefulness of this system in minimizing the size of gray zone. Technical problem was responsible for equivocal diagnoses in 19 FNAs. Of the remaining 55 FNAs, 18 were benign and 37 were mali. Among benign conditions, fibroadenoma(5 cases) and fibrocystic disease with fibroadenomatous feature(3 cases) constituted the largest groups. The majority of malignant conditions were infiltrating ductal carcinoma(29 cases); however, those low grade carcinomas including tubular carcinoma(3 cases), cribriform carcinoma(2 cases), and mucinous carcinoma(2 cases) occupied a relatively large proportion Cytologic grading system was quite useful in minimizing the size of gray zone. The scores of 27 out of 29 usual infiltrating ductal carcinomas belonged to the group of cytologic malignancy, however, only 2 out of 7 low grade carcinomas got scores of malignancy. FNA from fibroadenoma or fibrocystic disease with fibroadenomatous features showed a tendency toward high scores. Experience of the cytopathologist and famillarity with cytologic alteration in breast disease cannot be overemphalized.

Coexisting Adenocarcinoma and Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma of Stomach: A case report.: Jung Youn Kim, Jae Soo Koh, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(4):521-523.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of malignant tumor of the stomach showing both carcinoma and sarcoma components in a 47 year-old woman. The resected stomach revealed two tumors which were in different location. The one mass was a 2 x I cm, poorly demarcated tumor at the body, along the lesser curvature and the other was a 6 x 7 cm, well demarcated polypoid tumor with a central depression at cardia of the posterior stomach wall. The tumor at the body was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma which showed strong reactivity for CEA. The tumor at the cardia was composed of epithelioid or spindle shaped cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and revealed 5-6 mitoses per ten high power field. The tumor at the cardia was diagnosed as epithelioid leiomyosarcoma and showed reactivity for vimentin but none for actin, desmin,keratin, and CEA. This is different from the usual carcinosarcoma.

Locally Infiltrative Glomus Tumor: A case report.: Jung Youn Kim, Kyung Ja Cho, Soo Yong Lee, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):325-327.

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Abstract: Malignant glomus tumor is a rare neoplasm arising from the glomus body, comprising categories of locally infiltrative glomus tumor, sarcoma arising in benign glomus tumor and de novo glomangiosarcoma. We report one case of locally infiltrative glomus tumor arising in nail bed of the right thumb of a 50 year-old woman. The tumor showed the architectural features of glomus tumor but cytologically bizarre, pleomorphic features without mitosis and infiltrative growth pattern to adjacent connective tissue and nerve. Immunohistochemical results were consistent with glomus tumor. This category of malignant glomus tumor must be distinguished from other round cell tumors because of its good prognosis.

c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein Overexpression in Breast Cancer.: Tae Sook Hwang, Kyung Ja Cho, Young Bae Kim, Joo Ryung Huh, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(1):1-7.

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Abstract PDF: c-erbB-2 oncogene is a normal cellular proto-oncogene coding transmembrane glycoprotein structurally similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Amplification of this oncogene in a variety of human adenocarcinomas has been reported and is particularly well documented in breast carcinoma. It has been suggested that amplification of this oncogene is indicative of poor prognosis and is valuable only second to the lymph node status. Using immunohistochemical staining for the c-erbB-2 protein, overexpression of this protein was analysed in 228 primary breast cancer specimens and the frequency of overexpression and the relationship between overexpression and the other established prognostic variables are evaluated. Ninty three cases out of 228 cases(40.8%) show postive oncoprotein overexpression and using the chi-squared test for a trend, a significant correlation was found between c-erbB-2 protein staining and the histological grade, lymph node status, and estrogen receptor status(P<0.05). No significant association was found between staining and the patient's age and tumor size. Most of the tumors with histological types known to have good prognosis showed negative expression. Above findings strongly suggest that expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene is another independent indicator of poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Poorly Differentiated ""Insular Carcinoma"" of the Thyroid: A Case Report.: Seung Sook Lee, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):35-40.

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Abstract PDF: A case of poorly differentiated "insular" carcinoma of the thyroid is presented and discussed with references to the literature. In fine needle aspiration cytology of our case, the aspirates were highly cellular with tumor cells appearing as dispersed isolated cells as well as in dense clusters and syncytial formations. Occasional microfollicles containing colloid were evident. Most of nuclei were fairly uniform with considerable variability and a few showed definite atypical features. Nuclear grooving was additional features. Necrotic debris was not seen. Our cytologic findings were correlated well with histology, confirming typical insular pattern of tumor cells with the presence of occasional pleomorphic cells and papillary carcinoma-like features. With much attention to cytological features of insular carcinoma, it would be possible to diagnose a preoperative suggestive diagnosis, even though not definitive.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of follicular neoplasm of the thyroid.: Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(2):105-110.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Aspiration cytology of pilomatrixoma.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(1):25-28.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effusion cytology of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(1):74-76.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Carcinosarcoma Arising from Mixed Tumor of the Parotid Gland: A case report.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myoung, Kyung Ja Cho, Kyung Kyun Oh, Mi Kyung Kim, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(5):530-532.

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Abstract PDF: A case of true malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland is reported. The tumor, occuring in a 55-year-old man, started to grow rapidly after a long history of parotid mass. Total parotidectomy was carried out and the resected tumor measured 5x4x3 cm with a cut surface showing grayish-white solid and myxoid appearance. Microscopically, the tumor had both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, the former consisting of undifferentiated carcinoma with focal areas of ductal differentiation and the latter consisting of pleomorphic sarcoma with chondrosarcomatous differentiation. A remnant of benign pleomorphic adenoma could also be identified. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated focal cytokeratin reactivity in the carcinoma cells and vimentin in sarcomatous elements. It is assumed from these clinical and histological findings that the tumor had transformed from a pre-existing benign pleomorphic adenoma.

Oxyphilic Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A case report.: Chang Won Ha, Jae Soo Koh, Na Hye Myoung, Kyung Ja Cho, Sang Yoon Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(5):500-503.

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Abstract PDF: Oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma of the ovary is a variant of clear cell carcinoma with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm described by Young & Scully in 1987. Thorough samplin is needed to identify typical foci of clear cell carcinoma for the differential diagnoses from a variety of ovarian tumors with oxyphilic cells. We report a case of oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma in a 65-year-old female patient who presented with vaginal spotting and lower abdominal discomfort. The excised mass was a 10x8x7cm sized, well circumscribe yellowish white solid ovarian tumor. Microscopically, the tumor showed glandular, papillary and alveolar growth patterns composed of cuboidal or hobnail-shaped oxyphilic cells.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lung: Report of 2 cases.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Mi Kyung Kim, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(2):175-179.

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Abstract PDF: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung is histologically and ultrastructurally identical to the salivary gland tumor of the same name and is characterized by infiltrative growth, local recurrence, and usually a prolonged clinical course. We have recently experienced two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the lung. Case 1 was a 59 year-old male who presented with cough, fever, and chill of 1.5 months' duration, and case 2 was a 61 year-old male who was incidentally found to have a 3 to 4 cm sized lobulated mass in the right upper lobe. After being worked up, both patients underwent right pneumonectomy. In case 1, a 3x2 cm sized tumor was located in the lower bronchus, partly elevating toward the lumen and partly infiltrating into regional lymph nodes and lung parenchyma showing grayish-white and solid cut surface. Case 2 was a 3.5x3.5 cm sized upper bronchial tumor resembling the former in appearance. Histologically, the tumors were composed of small round hyperchromatic cells, forming solid, cribriform, acinar, or tubular structures. Luminal spaces in tumor cell nests contained PAS-positive mucinous or hyaline material. Among the tumor cells, scattered islands of normal submucosal gland were noticed.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast.: Kyung Ja Cho, Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Han, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):52-59.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effusion cytology of multiple myeloma: a case report.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):90-93.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A case of hepatic actinomycosis disgnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.: Chang Won Ha, Jae Soo Koh, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):100-103.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effusion cytology of squamous cell carcinoma.: Na Hye Myong, Jae Soo Ko, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(1):12-18.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of secretory carcinoma of the breast: a case report.: Chang Won Ha, Jae Soo Koh, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(1):25-29.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Histopathological Analysis of 69 Cases of Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix.: Na Hye Myong, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(5):427-435.

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Abstract: Cervical adenocarcinoma represents approximately 3-6% of the uterine cervical neoplasms. Recently, its relative incidence tends to be increased in contrast to squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty nine cases from 1985 to 1990 diagonsed as adenocarcinoma of the cervix by radical or total hysterectomy were analyzed to know their histopathological characteristics and related prognostic factors. The results wer as follows. (1) The age distribution ranged from 24 to 60 years and the mean age was 44 years and 47 years in adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma, respectively. Staging by FIGO classification showed the range from stage 0 to IIb, of which 63.8% was stage Ib. (2) Cases were composed of 7 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ(10%) and 62 cases of invasive adenocarcinomas(90%). The latter included 16 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma and 46 cases of pure adenocarcinoma which showed endocervical, endometrioid, clear cell, minimal deviation adenocarcinoma subtypes. The most frequent subtype was endocervical adenocarcinoma(51%) and the endometrioid subtype showed slightly higher incidence rate(13%) in comparison to the previous studies. (3) Coexistent squamous lesions ranging from mild dysplasia to invasive carcinoma were found in 4 out of 7 cases(57%) of adenocarcinoma in situ and 18 out of 62 cases(29%) of invasive adenocarcinoma. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ comprised most(77%) of them. (4) Analyses of histopathological and clinical characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix revealed positive correlations between tumor size or mucin leakage and depth of invasion. The prognostic factors in relation to lymph node metastasis were considered to be th stage of disease, the size of tumor, mucin leakage in the stroma, and histologic subtypes.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Stomach: Report of three cases with immunohistochemical study.: Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(4):382-386.

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Abstract PDF: Adenosquamous carcinoma originating in the stomach is relatively rare, and the occurrence of such tumor is interesting with respect to its histogenesis. We describe three cases of gastric adenosquamous carcinoma in a 39-year-old man, a 58-year-old woman and a 52-year-old man. They were grossly classified as Borrmann type III or II, revealing no difference from usual advanced gastric adenocarcinomas. Microscopically three cases showed well or moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma component occupying large areas of the tumors. Areas of transition from glandular to squamous epithelium were frequently observed. Metastatic foci in the regional lymph nodes also were consisted of two elements. On immunohistochemical study, CEA immunoreactivity was found not only in adenocarcinoma component but also in squamous cell components, in comparison to cytokeratin which was detected only in squamous areas. The immunohistochemical findings of CEA reactivity in both components, and the presence of microscopic transitional zones support the hypothesis of squamous metaplasia occurring in an already existing adenocarcinoma in the development of adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach.

Analytic study of 362 bile cytologic materials.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):73-78.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Background cytologic features of metastatic carcinomas in the liver in fine needle aspiration cytology: analysis of 20 cases-.: Na Hye Myong, Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):90-97.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Postirradiation Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor of the Uterus: A case report.: Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Sang Yoon Park, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(2):161-165.

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Abstract PDF: A case of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) developed after radiation therapy for a uterine cervix cancer is described. The patient was a 62-year-old female at the time of diagnosis of stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and a total of 12,000 rads of x-ray was administered on the pelvic area. Five years later she manifested vaginal spotting and rectal pain. Endometial curettage and biopsy revealed carcinosarcoma. Radical hysterectomy was done and a 5x3x2 cm sized polypoid mass was noted in the uterine cavity. Microscopically, the tumor showed intimate admixture of adenocarcinomatous and sarcomatous areas. The sarcomatous stroma was composed of compactly arranged atypical spindle cells with frequent mitoses, merging into a loosely textured reticular areas and abundant amount of heterologous elements such as skeletal muscle and cartilage. The rhabdomyosarcomatous element was confirmed by PTAH staining and immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and desmin. Multiple metastases to the liver, lung, and lymph nodes appeared within one year of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In spite of palliative radiotherapy, she expired one month later.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Two Cases of Leiomyosarcoma.: Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(2):147-151.

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Abstract PDF: Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically, but cytomorphological studes are lacking. A correlative cytological study of 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma is presented. The smears from case 1 were rich in tumor cells and most cells were arranged in large sheets or clusters. The cells showed round to oval nuclei containing fine chromatin and small prominent nucleoli. The smears from case 2 were moderate in cellularity with loose clusters or isolated cells. The characteristic blunt-ended and cigar-shaped nuclei containing coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were identified in case 2. Nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli and high cellularity permit diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia is generally less pronounced than in the histology. The cytological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma may be auxiliary in the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis in the patients with alleged leiomyosarcoma.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Myxodi Chondrsarcoma of Pleura: A Case Report.: Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang, Jae Il Zo, Young Mog Shim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(2):152-157.

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Abstract PDF: A 70-year-old female who was diagnosed as myxoid chondrosarcoma by fine needle aspiration of a pleural mass is described. She presented with left chest discomfort of 4 months' duration and aggravating dyspnea and chest pain for 2 months. Chest X-ray and CT scan revealed a large lobulated low density mass invading chest wall at the left pleural cavity and massive pleural fluid. Fine needle aspiration was done under the impression of mesothelioma or metastatic cancer. The aspirates from the mass were very cellular and composed of isolated or clustered forms of large plump cells. Abundant cytoplasm was bluish opaque and the margin was rounded in the isolated cells, whereas clustered cells show ill-defined cell borders and aggregating tendency. The nuclei were eccentric, round to ovoid, and had fine chromatin pattern and multiple small nucleoli. Cellular pleomorphism or mitotic figure was not definite. These findings were consistent with cytologic features of chondrosarcoma. Final diagnosis was confirmed as myxoid chondrosarcoma by mediastinoscopic biopsy and the tumor showed strong positivity for S-100 protein.

Transthoracic Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: Review of 213 cases.: Kyung Ja Cho, Na Hye Myong, Ja June Jang, Soo Yil Chin, Ki Hwan Kim, Hong Sik Byun, Duk Lim; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(4):455-460.

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Abstract PDF: A total of 213 fine needle aspirations from pulmonary lesions in 193 patients performed from January, 1986 to March, 1989 were analyzed. The cytologic diagnoses were unsatisfactory in 10, negative in 60, atypical in 6, suspicious in 11 and malignant in 126 cases. The cytologic types of the malignant cases were 47 squamous cell carcinomas, 40 adenocarcinomas, 10 small cell carcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas and 10 metastatic tumors. They were verified by the histologic confirmation in 31 cases and by the clinical data in the remainder. There were 5 false-negative cases and none was false-positive, representing 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Primary lung cancers were accurately typed in 73% of histologically confirmed case. Cell blocks, prepared in 99 cases, were helpful in tumor typing of 11 cases.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pulmonary Hamartoma: 3 cases.: Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):355-358.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration cytology of three cases of pulmonary hamartoma is presented. Case 1 was in a 67-year-old man with a 7 cm-sized left lung mass. Case 2 and 3 were in 47 and 53 year old females and consisted of 3 cm and 2 cm-sized right lung nodules, respectively. Fine needle aspiration of the masses revealed several fragments of irregularly shaped mature hyaline cartilage or fibromyxoid mesenchyme and sheets of benign epithelial cells in scanty to acellular background. Also scattered were inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils and histiocytes and mature fat cells. These features were diagnostic for pulmonary hamartoma and case 1 was histologically confirmed by following surgical excision of the mass. Differential diagnoses about pulmonary hamartoma in the respect of conditions capable of producing cartilage on fine needle aspiration, were discussed.

A Case of Sacrococcygeal Chordoma Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology.: Ja June Jang, Kyung Ja Cho, Soo Yong Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(3):356-359.

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Abstract PDF: A case of sacrococcygeal chordoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration is presented. This is a case of a 54-year-old woman who came with coccygeal pain of 5-6 months duration. Aspiration biopsy cytology revealed many nests of cells having abundant bubbly cytoplasm and round to oval variably sized nuclei. The cells had indistinct cytoplasmic borders and many of the cells had cytoplasmic vacuoles. The nuclei had thin regular nuclear membranes, finely granular chromatin and one or two small nucleoli. The cells were generally monotonous, but focally pleomorphic with giant cell formation. Mitotic figures were scanty. The backgroud of the aspirate contained abundant mucinous materal. These findings were typical of those of recorded chordoma cases and the diagnosis was confirmed by a following open biopsy. The patient received 4,000 rads of neutron radiotherapy and has been well till March '88.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Chondrosarcoma.: Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang, Soo Yong Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(3):348-352.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration cytologic findings of four cases of chondrosarcoma were described. The cases consisted of one primary scapular tumor, two recurrent shoulder masses, and right upper quadrant mass which developed after an A-K amputation for an unknown tumor. The aspirates characteristically revealed cell-rich smears containing clusters and isolated cells having abundant cyanophilic cytoplasm and round to oval or elongated vesicular nuclei. The cytoplasm was occasionally foamy. The nuclei were usually small but prominent. Nuclear atypism and pleomorphism were frequently associated. The last case showed epithelioid sheets of polygonal cells, possibly representing chondroblasts, and a well differentiated chondroid element. The fine needle aspiration could be a good diagnostic tool for primary, recurrent, and metastatic chondrosarcomas.

Angiosarcoma of the Breast: Three cases report.: Kyung Ja Cho, Geung Hwan Ahn, Je G Chi, Eui Keun Ham; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(1):97-104.

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Abstract PDF: Three cases of angiosarcoma of the breast are described. One case in a 66 year old woman was a solid mass and histologically showed poor differentiation leading to a death 14 months after the diagnosis. Another two in 46 and 25 year old females were large vascular masses showing moderate differentiation with endothelial tufting and papillary projections, and abdominal and contralateral mammary, and liver metastasis occurred within postoperative 10 months and 6 months in each case. A radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in case 2 were not lifesaving. Although histologic degree of differentiation seems prognosis-related, angiosarcoma is the most malignant tumor of the breast.

A Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of Soft Tissue with Features of Fibrosarcomatous Redifferentiation.: Kyung Ja Cho, Yong Il Kim, Hyun Soon Lee, Se Il Suk; Korean J Pathol. 1987;21(2):102-107.

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Abstract PDF: A case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma in a fifty-one year old man is presented. The patient received a wide extirpation for a relatively rapidly growing mass in his right gluteal region. The mass was multinodular and consisted of two clearly distinct elements; well differentiated liposarcoma and non-lipogenic spindle cell sarcoma (fibrosarcoma). This is first proven case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the soft tissue in Korean literature, and its histogenesis is discussed along the dedifferentiation-redifferentiation pathway of fibrohistiocytic differentiation.

Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy: Report of three cases.: Eun Hee Suh, Kyung Ja Cho, Geung Hwan Ahn, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(2):202-206.

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Abstract PDF: Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with unique microscopic findings and benign clinical course. This tumor is composed of intervening dense fibrocollagenous trabeculae, well defined mucoid areas and varying amounts of mature fat, which are arranged in organoid growth pattern. We report three typical cases of this tumor which were experienced during the recent two years at the Seoul National University Hospital. It is the first description on this tumor in Korean literature. Case 1 was a 10 month old boy who was admitted due to a mass in the right infra clavicular area for 6 months. The mass showed irregular and poorly circumscribed outer surface. Case 2 was a one month old girl who was presented with a diffuse ill defined hairy mass in the left buttock since birth. Case 3 was a 15 month old boy who was brought to the hospital due to well circumscribed scrotal mass fot 8 months. Microscopically all three cases showed very similar histological features. And all 3 cases are well after the removal of the tumors.

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